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''The Carpetbaggers'' is a 1961 bestselling novel by Harold Robbins, which was adapted into a 1964 film of the same title. The prequel ''Nevada Smith'' was also based on a character in the novel. The term "carpetbagger" refers to an outsider relocating to exploit locals.〔(Carpetbagger | Define Carpetbagger at Dictionary.com )〕 It derives from postbellum South usage, where it referred specifically to opportunistic Northerners who flocked to pillage the occupied southern states. In Robbins' novel, the exploited territory is the movie industry, and the newcomer is a wealthy heir to an industrial fortune who, like Howard Hughes, simultaneously pursued aviation and moviemaking avocations. ==Roman à clef== Ian Parker described the book as "a ''roman à clef''—it was generally thought to have been inspired by the life of Howard Hughes." In an interview with Dick Lochte, Robbins said "The airplane manufacturer in ''The Carpetbaggers'' was Bill Lear, not Howard Hughes, by the way." ''TV Guide Online'''s capsule summary of the movie says, however, "Deny it though he might, Harold Robbins obviously used parts of the life of Howard Hughes as the basis for his major character, Jonas Cord." Lear, developer of the Lear jet and the 8-track tape player, was more famous as an engineer than as an aviator, and had no connection with Hollywood. Parallels between Cord and Hughes include: * Cord is the heir to his father's Cord Explosives Company, Hughes to his father's Hughes Tool Company. * Cord personally sets aviation records, as did Hughes. * Much of the novel concerns itself with Cord's ventures into movie production; Hughes produced 26 films. * Cord owns an airline named ICA; Hughes owned TWA. * Cord personally pilots a gigantic flying boat called the Centurion, "the biggest airplane ever built", to prove its airworthiness in order to meet a naval contract condition. Hughes personally piloted the Hughes H-4 Hercules or Spruce Goose, by some criteria the largest aircraft ever built, to prove its airworthiness in order to deflect Congressional criticism of his war contracts. Ian Parker and others identify the character Rina Marlowe with Jean Harlow, whom Howard Hughes had under personal contract for a few years and who many believe had an affair with Hughes, although actual evidence of said affair is patchy at best, and Harlow often complained about Hughes making a fortune loaning her to other studios and paying her a paltry salary (her contract with Hughes was eventually bought out by MGM). Carroll Baker, the actress who played Rina in ''The Carpetbaggers,'' was chosen a year later to play the title role in the biopic ''Harlow.'' Fictional Rina Marlowe's husband, cinema director Claude Dunbar, commits suicide shortly after their marriage, as did Jean Harlow's second husband, producer Paul Bern. Marlowe dies tragically of encephalitis c. 1934; Harlow died of kidney failure in 1937. In other respects, correspondences between the novel's characters and real individuals are imprecise. In the novel, Jonas Cord's first movie production is entitled ''The Renegade''; is released in 1930; and stars Rina Marlowe in her screen debut. Marlowe has a 38C bust and Cord has one of his aeronautical engineers design a special brassiere for her. There is a brief reference to his producing a movie four years later entitled ''Devils in the Sky''. These movie titles bear an unmistakable similarity to two famous movies produced and directed by Hughes: ''The Outlaw'' and ''Hell's Angels''. In historical fact, it was the 1930 ''Hell's Angels'', rather than ''The Outlaw'', that came first. It starred Jean Harlow, but it was not her debut; she was an established actress with seventeen earlier screen credits. Jean Harlow was famous as (in the words of her official estate-sponsored website), "Hollywood's Original Blonde Bombshell", but her bust measurement was not extraordinary. The real-life person who ''did'' make her screen debut as a star, ''was'' famous for her large bust, and for whom Hughes really ''did'' have an engineer design a special brassiere, was Hughes' later discovery (and model for the character "Jennie Denton"), Jane Russell, who starred in ''The Outlaw'' in 1943. Further confusing the situation, the names of real people whom Robbins' fictional characters resemble are often mentioned briefly within the novel, as if they inhabited the fictional world alongside their fictional doubles. When Rina Marlowe dies, a studio official says that, to replace Marlowe in an upcoming picture, "I'm already talking to Metro about getting Jean Harlow." A fictional Charles Standhurst, who owns "more than twenty newspapers stretched across the nation", is said to be "second only to Hearst". The character Nevada Smith is a cowboy who breaks into the movies by volunteering to perform a risky stunt, becomes fabulously wealthy as a movie cowboy star, and becomes proprietor of a Wild West show. In these details he bears a vague resemblance to Tom Mix, who was a star performer in the 101 Wild West Show and became in turn a movie extra, stunt man, and major star. Some also see a resemblance between Nevada Smith and William Boyd, who became famous as Hopalong Cassidy. Others say that Smith was based on cowboy actor Ken Maynard. A 1966 movie entitled ''Nevada Smith'' starring Steve McQueen was based on his role in this book. The role of Billy the Kid in Hughes' ''The Outlaw'' was played by Jack Buetel, who, prior to his movie career was neither an outlaw nor a cowboy, but an insurance clerk. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Carpetbaggers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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